The second chapter of his book, The Fount of Wisdom, titled 'Concerning Heresies', presents a series of discussions between Christians and Muslims. 676–749 AD), who was familiar with Islam and Arabic. One Christian who came under the early dominion of the Islamic Caliphate was John of Damascus (c. In early Christian criticism, it was claimed that Bahira was a heretical monk whose errant views inspired the Qur'an. Muhammed and the Monk Sergius (Bahira), 1508, by Dutch artist Lucas van Leyden.

3.1 19th century and early 20th century.

3 Criticism of Muhammad's personal motivations.

2.6 Psychological and medical condition.

2.5 Religious syncretism and compromise.

2.2.2 Notable hadith according to Robert Spencer.

1.1 Ex-Muslim Atheist/Agnostic criticism.

Muhammad has been accused of sadism and mercilessness-including the invasion of the Banu Qurayza tribe in Medina and his marriage to Aisha when she was six years old, which according to most estimates was consummated when she was nine. Modern religious and secular criticism of Islam has concerned Muhammad's sincerity in claiming to be a prophet, his morality, his ownership of slaves, his treatment of enemies, his marriages, his treatment of doctrinal matters, and his alleged psychological condition. Some of them, like Thomas Aquinas, criticized Muhammad's promises of carnal pleasure in the afterlife.

ĭuring the Middle Ages, various Western and Byzantine Christian thinkers considered Muhammad to be a perverted, deplorable man, a false prophet, and even the Antichrist, as he was frequently seen in Christendom as a heretic or possessed by demons. For these reasons, they gave him the derogatory nickname ha-Meshuggah ( Hebrew: מְשֻׁגָּע‬, 'the Madman' or 'the Possessed'). Ĭriticism of Muhammad has existed since the 7th century AD, when Muhammad was decried by his non-Muslim Arab contemporaries for preaching monotheism, and by the Jewish tribes of Arabia for what they claimed were unwarranted appropriation of Biblical narratives and figures, vituperation of the Jewish faith, and proclaiming himself as ' the last prophet' without performing any clear miracle or showing any personal requirement demanded in the Hebrew Bible to distinguish a true prophet chosen by the God of Israel from a false claimant. Here, William Blake's illustration of Inferno depicts Muhammad pulling his chest open which has been sliced by a demon to symbolize his role as a 'schismatic', since Islam was considered a heresy by Medieval Christians.

Dante's Inferno casts Muhammad in Hell, reflecting his negative image in the Christian world.

The people vs muhammad pdf /download